Increasing the willingness of migrant workers to settle down in cities is an important way to promote the urbanization development of the registered population. However, the current enthusiasm of migrant workers to settle down in cities is not very high and it is not optimistic to improve the urbanization rate of the registered population. Based on the dynamic monitoring survey data of the national floating population (CMDS) and the push-pull theory, this paper investigated the influencing mechanism of land resource endowment on the willingness of migrant workers to settle down in cities by the binary Logit model and the mediating effect model. Results show that: the willingness of migrant workers to settle down in cities is low, accounting for only 48.91%. The proportions of migrant workers owning contracted land and homestead are 61.40% and 71.71%, respectively. The land resource endowment significantly inhibits the willingness of migrant workers to settle down in cities. The identity and social interaction have significant impacts and the social security plays a significant negative regulating role. In addition, this research also finds that land transfer can increase the willingness of migrant workers to settle down in cities. Therefore, this paper provides the following policy suggestions: to remove the institutional obstacles for migrant workers to settle down in cities and to create a way out for migrant workers through land transfer to enhance the flexibility of China’s social structure and to maintain social stability.