Rural tourism is an important part of Hainan’s holistic tourism development. The unique Hainan rural culture is the most attractive resource element in Hainan’s rural tourism development. Based on the investigation of Hainan’s rural culture, this paper analyzes the current situation of Hainan’s rural culture, explores Hainan’s traditional rural culture and famous historical cultural villages, and discusses the resource elements of Hainan’s rural tourism. Results show that the rural culture in Hainan is rich in connotations, the rural traditional style and customs are well preserved, and the regional characteristics are distinct. Developing Hainan’s rural tourism with rural culture as the core factor provides favorable bases and conditions to improve the supply-side structural reform of Hainan’s tourism, increases villagers’ income and promotes the Construction of Beautiful Village in Hainan. Currently, though the government provides some protection for the historical and cultural villages and rural art, there exists some problems, including the severe destruction of the historical relics of rural environment, the erosion of traditional rural culture by urban culture, the homogenization of rural cultural tourism supply, and the loss of the integration of tourism and various industries. These problems seriously restrict the sustainable development of rural tourism. Thus this paper suggests to protect villages’ traditional style, to rely regional culture, to develop cultural tourism, to cultivate the rural tourism market, to build rural cultural brands, and to enhance the quality of tourism supply.